Contextualising Leadership Comparisons†Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Contextualising Leadership Comparisons. Answer: Introduction Indigenous people or tribal people are the natives of a certain geographical area. These are the first people to inhabit the land. In most cases, these communities form small groups and may not have a reputable name globally. Asia has the largest number of these indigenous people but there are a good number in other countries like New Zealand. The groups co-exist with settlers who emerged during or after colonialism. Leadership is about influencing and motivating people to contribute as members of a group(Chhokar, Brodbeck, House, 2013). Culture is important in a community and it affects economic performance and economic wellness. Although some indigenous groups may have nomadic lifestyles, they remain the original inhabitants of the land. Despite their cultural identity, most of them do not have the power and authority in the land. In recognition to their plight, the International Day of Worlds Indigenous People set aside by the UN sensitizes the world about these groups. This is a way of promoting and protecting their existence as a community. It does not make sense for the world to identify environmental degradation yet ignore the extinction of a community. This report compares indigenous people in New Zealand and India to explain the plight of the indigenous communities and the role of the government in reinforcing their social needs(Oakley Gemmill, 1992). Fitzpatrick (2012) notes that a leader can not be oblivious of their environment. Marred with atrocities and human rights violations, Indias leadership style on indigenous groups is wanting. In 2016, Indias minority groups the Adivasi faced displacement from their original homes because of mining activities. These affected their environment causing noise and water pollution(Puranam, 2016). With over 460 indigenous groups India making 8% of the population, the government has attempted to create transformational and transactional leadership through, land rights and self-governance legislation(Whittington, Goodwin, Woford, 1998). This has not been successful because there are still traces of military attacks on the indigenous protests(IWGIA, 2017). Indias forceful displacement of the indigenous from their ancestral lands calls for a new approach to administration and leadership. The displacement of close to 400 Adivasi families for coal mining is an example of millions of Indias indige nous who faced forceful displaced in order to give way to industrial projects. (Levy, 2004). Indias missing leadership gap involves the neglect of indigenous groups who form a significant part of the population. The country needs a scientific method of leadership that reduces chaos and facilitates for the success of transformational leadership plans(Overman, 1996). Such leadership prevents the violation of the rights of the minority groups who need to coexist within their natural environment. Aotearoa New Zealand The Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand form 15% of the population. The Maori people whose population is over 4 million faces inequalities in many ways(Sim Marriott, 2014). Challenges faced include accessing quality education and health care. As a result, there is a reduction in life expectancy, which threatens the existence of the minority group. The involvement of non-government bodies in the human rights has pushed for developments such as the reduction of the inequality gap between the Maori and non-Maori. The indigenous people have a distinct culture, which gives them an identity. The UN Declaration of Human Rights points out that all people have equal rights(OHCR, 2017). It acknowledges the importance of culture and history in defining the population. The provision prevents their exploitation and oppression by other nations. It also serves as a guide for nations on policies and collective rights of the indigenous groups. Besides issues on culture, most indigenous groups lack identity, language and employment opportunities(Clarke, 2009). These inequalities explains the massive differences between the indigenous and non-indigenous in terms of economic, education, skill, employment and living standards. An example is the rights of women, which is also a UN right in all parts of the world(Cook, 2012). As a result the there is a social gap between the two groups. The educated community has an edge in employment opportunities and social benefits. Colonialism has a major effect on the Indigenous communities around the world. The settlement of explorers in the indigenous lands came with side effects. Kilkoly-Proffit (2012) acknowledges the historical challenges of global leadership. Although some was positive, the displacement of these communities also had cultural distortions. In the case of the Maori, changes in the ecosystem changed the population displacing some Maoris permanently. Similar to the Maori, India has 8.4 million indigenous people forming 8.3% of the population. These represent mixed tribes from Indias Adivalis (indigenous) such as the Inuit, Metis, Santal, and Gaibhanda(Sim Marriott, 2014). They remain alienated from important activities like, economic activities, voting, social identity and governance. The enfranchised communities have to play to the tune of the majority. In New Zealand, the forced assimilation led to the separation of children from their parents in New Zealand but India, slavery effects the communities at large. The destruction of the population led to the initiation of legislations and treaties to change the displacements. Assimilation has not helped in some cases because of lost culture, traditions and their language. The transformation of culture comes from association and exposure to platforms like education. In India, the discrimination of women in leadership and important roles is evident. Indigenous communities are the most affected. Contemporary leadership is nondiscriminatory and women should participate in leadership (Leberman Harris, 2011). Currently, New Zealand rates of unemployment continues to widen among the Maori especially among the youth(Sim Marriott, 2014). Changes in the territory and forced migration are some factors faced by these groups. Indias largest indigenous population the Andamans, Gonds and Santals live in poor conditions because of marginalization. Its government shows reluctance in the adoption of international laws and process leading to violation of the indigenous community rights(Khanna Bijoy, 2010). In New Zealands history, the Maori settled in the region as early as but changes such as urbanization can barely account for their existence. Most of the blame goes to colonialist policies, which threatened their extinction. Other historical factors include wars and resource management agreements that displaced them at minimal compensations(Refworld, 2017). Such displacement distort the population as well as dwelling places, historical evidence, language and ethnic groups. Young people who grow up find it hard to trace their roots and the frustration leads to low self-image, delinquent behavior and loss of cultural norms. S ocial disconnection leads to loss of cultural identity. The advent of technology made things worse as more young people look to the global culture for values and social connection. This is a world of celebrity heroic leaders (Cohen, 2013). Current trends in indigenous groups indicates that there are common changes. External factors like globalization, which influence alienation(Fernandes, 2013). Native languages slowly diminish to give way to a global culture that most people can use for social and professional association(De Swaan, 2013). Globally, culture change influenced by assimilation, and colonialism affects indigenous people. In the case of New Zealand, assimilation was the purported tool of change for the merger between natives and non-natives. New dwellers in an indigenous land believe that the modern culture such as education is transformational and value addition. However, the local community such as Indias forest dwellers believes the western culture is negative and erodes their values. Social change stimulants like the TV, popular culture and social media form part of this new culture. However, the international instruments have the responsibility of ensuring positive change in the social and political sp heres of the indigenous (Khanna Bijoy, 2010). Infrastructural development is inevitable and it paves the way for communication, transport and other projects. This is evident in both India and New Zealand indigenous lands. As national and regional development trickles down to the communities, it affects the indigenous. The clearance of more land in preparation for the construction of roads, amenities and other infrastructural units continues environmental effects begin to sink in(Corbera Schroeder, 2011). This leads to change in the traditional environment of the indigenous communities. The indigenous communities are part of the vulnerable in the global environment. As the environment continues, they also change to adapt the new norm. The institution of global agencies like UNESCO targets their protection from extinction(Smith, 2013). The emergence of technology and innovation has led to its adoption among the indigenous. In India, the new trend has replaced traditional modes of livelihood such as farming and artisanship(Rathi, 2015). Changes in traditional knowledge is evident across industries. As the community explores its benefits, it leads to new way of life. Evidence on the high rate of adoption shows improvements among women and youth. Technology improves mobility in the rural areas for a much more enlightened community. However, a community-centered approach to education facilitates for equal distribution and accountability in education(Zepke, 2007). Exposure to the world thoughts and imagination opens up doors of economic opportunities through e-commerce and learning. These changes also include the use of mobile telephone communication. Organizations working with the Indian and New Zealand governments in ensuring food security include the use of improved technology for agriculture and conservation(Kareiva Lalasz, 2012). The UN efforts towards this community is to ensure sustainability especially in rural areas where there is violations of land rights. Upgrading their level of education and information empowers them towards championing their rights in the midst of oppression. Socio Cultural Factors Indigenous communities own most of the world resource rich areas like forests, which are rich in natural resources. Human developments continue to affect their existence through explorations and economic activities. Industries set up in forests belong to multinational organizations yet the compensation of the people takes fails. Outcry over the displacement of indigenous groups in India and New Zealand cites loss of important heritage elements (Clarke, 2009: Khanna Bijoy, 2010). These groups wallow in poverty and have no access to education, which is an empowerment tool. Lack of access to quality education compromises chances of self-governance hence the indigenous have no voice. In work places, the Maori complain of discrimination as most of them work in unsafe and poor working environments.(Sim Marriott, 2014). The poor living standards reflect in poor housing and living conditions(OHCR, 2017). Education system in New Zealand shows evidence of these inequalities and racism among the Maori indigenous communities(Becares, Cormack, Harris, 2013). Failure to empower the indigenous communities means that they cannot contribute effectively to the development of their own community. Attempts by the government to bring about equalization highlights improvements in life expectancy, child welfare and education(Smith, 2013). However, there is need for improvements in the work environment, cultural identity and local language development. UNESCO continues to support the preservation of culture through knowledge and the development of scientific knowledge in the community. Despite improvements in global regions, inequalities among the indigenous persists. The UN report on indigenous people reveals that there are over 5000 indigenous communities totaling to 300 million people(United Nations General Assembly, 2014). Most of these live in poverty, alienation and discrimination which means they are disadvantaged. Cooperating with the indigenous in development projects provides long term and short-term solutions against the incarceration in India and discrimination in New Zealand(Zepke, 2007). This includes integrating their cultural aspects in leadership and social activities to encourage acceptance by other groups. NGO and Government Support Leadership context involves synchronizing the team of followers to play the same tune(Fitzpatrick, 2012). Performance is an important aspect of this. Part of the problems arises from income challenges, which prevent access to basic health, and stimulates further inequalities. Life expectancy rates in these groups is also relatively low(Ungar, 2011). Donor support from organizations such as child welfare confirm statistics of high child mortality. The strange cultural context effected by colonialism in assimilation was a distortion of appropriate social environment. Effects on the community includes psychosocial impacts. The increased development of delinquent behavior among the youth shows desperation. In India, he tussle between the indigenous and the government invokes issues of environmental protection, human rights and land issues. The violation of community rights deprives the community and it leads to underdevelopment in the group. Contemporary leadership issues continue to affect the Aborigines throughout the globe. Some of the issues facing them have historical background attached to them(Trevor-Roberts Ashtanasy, 2003). These have adverse effects on the communities including psychological issues like depression and trauma caused by cultural alienation. Its effects include addictions and alcoholism, which is common among the youth. Non-governmental organizations have been instrumental, in providing solutions such as counselling and psychosocial support. Positive changes through community-based approaches have come up with solutions to try to solve some of t problems. Community participation is one of the best ways to govern the indigenous. It allows them to contribute and become part of the solution. NGO and government partnerships provide support, professional training and centers for the Aborigines in New Zealand. In India, there is evidence of a multilevel and multidimensional approach to solving indigeno us problems(Finnan, 2016). Social, cultural and political problems require both government, community and non-governmental support. In cases where the indigenous community is adamant to seek westernized governance or education sensitization or community education becomes a solution. NGOs have nonpartisan policies and practices. Indigenous communities can easily trust donor communities than the government in some policies. Therefore, the government needs to form partnerships with these organizations for successful implementation. Conclusion Leadership in the global environment is about people. It involves providing solutions to the society especially in places where success seems elusive. The discrimination against the indigenous communities is one of the rampant issues that the world is facing. These are problems with deep-rooted causes. Research reveals the impact of colonialism and globalization factors on these groups. Political and economic factors continue to shape the outcome of these groups. Despite the effects of the contemporary system, there are causes from historical injustices. A closer look at the problems faced by the indigenous groups in India shows commonalities and differences with the New Zealand cases. Agreement by the United Nations has not warranted much because of the legality of the laid out framework in India and New Zealand. The differences in leadership approach towards the protection of these communities depends on the leadership styles (Levy, 2004). Lack of cooperation from government system s like in India is a challenge to successful implementations. Indications of discrimination in development plans and policies is evident in New Zeand. As a result, the gap between the indigenous and non-Aborigines persists. In an attempt to make things right, different organizations have taken the center stage with proposals on how to synchronize the gap. However, complications arise because of the destruction of generations; cultural identity and language are irreplaceable. The Aborigine community in some parts of the world face extinction because of these. Complex situations call for multifaceted approaches. 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